For nearly two centuries, the creation myth for the United States imagined European settlers arriving on the shores of a vast, uncharted wilderness. Over the last two decades, however, a contrary vision has emerged, one which sees the country's roots not in a state of "pristine" nature but rather in a "human-modified landscape" over which native peoples exerted vast control.
Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape seeks a middle ground between those conflicting paradigms, offering a critical, research-based assessment of the role of Native Americans in modifying the landscapes of pre-European America. Contributors focus on the western United States and look at the question of fire regimes, the single human impact which could have altered the environment at a broad, landscape scale, and which could have been important in almost any part of the West. Each of the seven chapters is written by a different author about a different subregion of the West, evaluating the question of whether the fire regimes extant at the time of European contact were the product of natural factors or whether ignitions by Native Americans fundamentally changed those regimes.
An introductory essay offers context for the regional chapters, and a concluding section compares results from the various regions and highlights patterns both common to the West as a whole and distinctive for various parts of the western states. The final section also relates the findings to policy questions concerning the management of natural areas, particularly on federal lands, and of the "naturalness" of the pre-European western landscape.
Contents
List of Figures, Boxes, and Tables Preface
Chapter 1. The Pre-European Landscape of the United States: Pristine or Humanized? Chapter 2. Indians and Fire in the Rocky Mountains: The Wilderness Hypothesis Renewed Chapter 3. Prehistoric Human Impacts on Fire Regimes and Vegetation in the Northern Intermountain West Chapter 4. Fire in the Pre-European Lowlands of the American Southwest Chapter 5. Lots of Lightning and Plenty of People: An Ecological History of Fire in the Upland Southwest Chapter 6. Prehistoric Burning in the Pacific Northwest: Human versus Climatic Influences Chapter 7. Fire in Sierra Nevada Forests: Evaluating the Ecological Impact of Burning by Native Americans Chapter 8. Pre-European Fire in California Chaparral Chapter 9 Reflections
